Overexpression of the membrane glycoprotein (P170) represents the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanism in cancer therapy. Specific auto-antibodies to extracellular loops 1, 2 and 4 of murine P170 were elicited in mice using palmitoylated synthetic peptides reconstituted in liposomes, with or without Lipid A, and resuspended in alum. IgM antibodies were detected 14 days following the first injection and IgG1 became predominant after the third challenge. Animals did not show any auto-immune symptoms or induced toxicity up to 18 months after the immunisation. Previous immunisations of mice using liposomes with MDR1 peptides increases the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments with doxorubicin and vinblastine against P388 R cells with increase of 77% in the survival half time in the immunised group. Sera from the immunised mice were also effective in reducing cellular resistance to vinblastine and doxorubicin in vitro. Taken together, these data suggest that this immunisation approach might have potential clinical applications.