We evaluated the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of keratoendotheliosis secondary to surgical treatment. A total of 33 patients were randomized to two arms of this study. The first arm consisted of 12 patients treated with pharmacologic therapy and hyperbaric oxygen daily for ten days. The second arm consisted of 21 patients treated with pharmacologic therapy alone (control group). Our evaluation of the results was based on testing visual acuity, grading of corneal alterations, and pachymetry findings. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was effective in reducing corneal edema, particularly when administered early. Corneal neovascularization did not occur in any patient treated with hyperbaric oxygen.