Aggrecan is a chondroitin sulfate (CS)/keratan sulfate (KS)-substituted proteoglycan (PG) abundant in cartilage which is also present within the mammalian embryonic, adult, and injured adult central nervous system (CNS). Although its role within the CNS is not clear, cell culture studies show that when substituted with CS, aggrecan inhibits neurite extension. To better understand the inhibitory effect of aggrecan on injured adult axons in vivo, we developed a model to independently test intact aggrecan and CS-depleted aggrecan core glycoprotein. Acute rat spinal cord hemisection cavities were filled with a growth-promoting matrix, Matrigel, and severed dorsal rootlets were placed into this matrix. This created an assay in which axons readily grew. The extent of ingrowth in this baseline assay was compared to the ingrowth in Matrigel loaded with intact aggrecan or the purified core glycoprotein of aggrecan. Our results show that both intact aggrecan and equivalent concentrations of the core glycoprotein component significantly inhibit axonal growth in this model system. These results confirm that aggrecan can inhibit the growth of adult axons in vivo and suggest that the inhibitory effects of aggrecan may be mediated, at least in part, by structures located on the core glycoprotein in the absence of the bulk of the CS chains.