A new technique is sweeping the world, and changing the course of human work and life. It is impacting upon models, methods and the development of medical research. In the development of this new technique, a huge quantity of experimental research and clinical practice has proved that many human diseases have a close relationship to pathological changes that take place in the microvascular system. It has been proven that the microvascular system is the target for studying disease development and the treatment of disease. Many studies have shown that successful pathogenesis and pathological research must be aimed at understanding the key proteins in cells, organs and systems, as well as investigating their interaction, and finding out how these proteins change under disease conditions. This paper reviews the current status of microvascular medicine and proteomics.