A case of subcutaneous fat necrosis that occurred at Hospital e Maternidade São Luiz is described. A brief review of the literature is made and the authors verify that the risk group for fat necrosis is constituted by full-term newborns who experienced fetal distress. It is shown that hypercalcemia is frequently present in this condition and its symptomatology,etiology, and treatment are also discussed. Finally, the authors suggest the close follow up of these patients until 16 weeks of life to try to identify the laboratorial and clinical signs of hypercalcemia promptly.