Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are prevalent in children of all ages. Despite limited clinical data, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are frequently prescribed in pediatric patients. Studies are needed to determine the natural history of GERD, to assess its impact on the quality of life of affected children, and to identify risk groups in infancy and childhood. There is a critical need to evaluate PPI efficacy and safety in infants and children.