Background: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are uncommon lesions of the temporal bone and their occurrence in the calvarium is rare.
Case description: A case of a right temporal ABC is reported in a 14-year-old boy who presented swelling of the right temporal region. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a destructive and expansile bone lesion on the right anterior temporal and orbital bone. The lesion was removed in total by the right temporal craniotomy and orbitozygomatic osteotomy. ABC was diagnosed in the pathologic examination. The patient had good recovery during the postoperative course.
Conclusions: This report presents the diagnosis and imaging of an ABC in the temporal bone. This localization is very rare for ABC. Total excision, if feasible, is the ideal treatment.