Three-Dimensional MR angiography (3D-MRA) of the lung was performed in 5 healthy volunteers and 14 patients with primary pulmonary cancer in the hilum, and compared with 2D-MRA. As 3D-MRA could be obtained with single breath holding after intravenous bolus injection of Gd-DTPA, pulmonary vessels of the hilum and peripheral zone were demonstrated more definitely than those of 2D-MRA. In all patients except one case, the relation between the tumor and pulmonary vessels was visualized more clearly by 3D-MRA than 2D-MRA. This technique is considered a non-invasive and effective method for evaluation of pulmonary vessels in the patient with hilar tumor.