In this report, we describe the case of a caucasian male patient, aged 42 years, suffering from severe treatment-resistant generalized anxiety disorder with panic attacks and from severe major depression, for which he was treated with a course of electroconvulsive therapy. During electroconvulsive treatment, anesthesia was difficult to induce with etomidate and, once, propofol. Bispectral indices recordings (assessing the depth of anesthesia) revealed a much shorter duration of loss of responsiveness compared to a control patient receiving also a course of electroconvulsive therapy. Since GABA receptor-mediated regulation of cortical excitability is important with respect to general anesthesia, we investigated the density of GABA(A) receptors with (123)I-iomazenil SPECT and found a clearly diminished binding of the radiotracer in the right frontal and orbitotemporal regions compared to the recordings in a 38-year-old healthy male control. Genetic analysis of the exons 7 and 8 of the GABRB1-3 genes coding for the beta1-3 subunits of the GABA(A) receptors revealed a silent G to A substitution in the third position of amino acid 257 of the beta1-subunit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a link between insensitivity to anesthetic agents and altered GABA(A) receptor function in a clinical case. Whereas reduced GABA(A) receptor-binding capacity has been investigated in anxiety disorders, this has not been the case in depressive disorders. This case illustrates how clinical observations in psychiatry can prompt investigation by modern techniques and potentially link clinics and basic sciences. No conclusion can, however, be made about casual links in this single case [corrected].