As Greece moves during the last two decades toward a national health care system, which gives emphasis to the development of a primary care system, many worry how to ensure that the quality of care is assessed. This is more apparent in the rural populations, in which health care is served to a large extent by physicians without formal training in general practice. This article explores the level of knowledge of primary care physicians in relation to Alzheimer's disease in geographically defined areas of Crete, Greece, in comparison with that of general practitioners in Ostergötland, Sweden, and in Iceland. It emphasizes the need for better education and training for primary care physicians in Crete in both the early diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease.