Abstract
The Arabidopsis autonomous floral-promotion pathway promotes flowering independently of the photoperiod and vernalization pathways by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a MADS-box transcription factor that blocks the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Here, we report that FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD), one of six genes in the autonomous pathway, encodes a plant homolog of a protein found in histone deacetylase complexes in mammals. Lesions in FLD result in hyperacetylation of histones in FLC chromatin, up-regulation of FLC expression, and extremely delayed flowering. Thus, the autonomous pathway regulates flowering in part by histone deacetylation. However, not all autonomous-pathway mutants exhibit FLC hyperacetylation, indicating that multiple means exist by which this pathway represses FLC expression.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Acetylation
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Arabidopsis / genetics
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Arabidopsis / growth & development*
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Arabidopsis / metabolism
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Arabidopsis Proteins / chemistry
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Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics*
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Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
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Chromatin / metabolism
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Flowers / growth & development*
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Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
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Genes, Plant
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Histone Deacetylases / chemistry
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Histone Deacetylases / genetics
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Histone Deacetylases / metabolism*
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Histones / metabolism*
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Humans
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Introns
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MADS Domain Proteins / chemistry
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MADS Domain Proteins / genetics*
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MADS Domain Proteins / metabolism*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Mutation
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Phenotype
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Plants, Genetically Modified
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Precipitin Tests
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Protein Structure, Tertiary
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Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Repressor Proteins / chemistry
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Repressor Proteins / metabolism
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Sequence Deletion
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Arabidopsis Proteins
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Chromatin
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FLF protein, Arabidopsis
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Histones
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MADS Domain Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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flowering locus D protein, Arabidopsis
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Histone Deacetylases