Considerations on prevalence, conditions and development mechanisms of epilepsy after cranio cerebral injuries as well as peculiarities of its diagnosis using clinical, neurophysiologic and computed tomography methods are presented. Implications and limitations of the latter, frequency and features of neurological and mental disorders in relation to main appearances of the disease, i.e. types of epileptic seizures, etc., are regarded. Principles of treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy, the data on biochemical, neurochemical and neuropathological symptoms of epileptogenesis are summarized. The authors highlighted the advantages of monotherapy, importance of taking into account the patient's personality, contacting with a patients family and ensuring his or her rights and quality of life. Also, the bases and stages of patient's rehabilitation are discussed.