To evaluate the influence of hyperoxic conditions on bacterial translocation (BT) and microorganism components during hemorrhagic shock, rats were divided into a group breathing 100% oxygen and a group breathing room air. The groups were then subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Systemic blood and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured for BT, and systemic plasma concentrations of microorganism components were measured by the silkworm larvae plasma (SLP) test and the endotoxin test. Hyperoxic conditions prevented both BT and plasma SLP-reactive substance (peptidoglycan and beta-glucan) elevation during hemorrhagic shock. Our findings suggest that hyperoxic treatment might improve host conditions during hemorrhagic shock.