The evolution of logic thought in relation to the predominant recent advances in technology is analyzed. In fact, the computer was the prime mover of this major change. At present the use of sophisticated software has allowed to attain increasingly accurate levels of simulation of human reasoning. The computer has determined profound transformations in many sectors of work, study and research. Among these, it is extremely relevant how the computer has completely transformed medicine and the medical role, especially in the field of radiology. Expert systems are the most interesting and futuristic applications of artificial intelligence. These systems are able to reproduce on a computer the behavior of an expert human being. Some of the recent innovations introduced in the field of breast, thoracic and mainly neural pathology are illustrated.