The history of medicine in China is divided into four periods, from about 2700 B.C. to the present. Brief descriptions of standard works of these periods (e.g. Pèn-Ts'ao, Nei Ching, Nan Ching, Shang Han Lun, Ch'in K'ue Yao Lüeh, Chai I Ching, Chou Hou Pei Chi Fang, Mo Ching, Ming I Pieh Lu, Ch'ao Shih Pin Yüan, Chien Chin Yao Fang, Wai T'ai Pi Yao, Hsi Yüan Lu, Pèn-Ts'ao Kang-Mu, etc.) are given. The latter part of the paper deals with the state of modern medical research and literature in Mainland China, where equal emphasis is placed on the practice of both traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of diseases, thus resulting in a new era in Chinese medical history. This is based on the information obtainable in Hong Kong. Information about medical developments in Taiwan is readily available elsewhere and so has been omitted.