F1-hybrids of Obese strain (OS) chickens, afflicted with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), and normal, inbred CB chickens, do not develop severe thyroiditis. About 50% of these crosses show circulating autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAAb), but the thyroid glands are only slightly infiltrated, suggesting that the target organ is not susceptible to autoimmune attack. In the present study we show that despite this mild infiltration TgAAb are only synthesized by lymphoid cells within the thyroid gland. Furthermore, we demonstrate that immunization with chicken thyroglobulin (Tg) in complete Freund's adjuvant causes severe experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in F1(OSxCB) hybrids.