Four cardenolides were isolated for the first time from the aerial parts of Adonis aestivalis. The compounds were identified by spectrometry and for 3-epi-periplogenin, helveticoside also by comparison with authentic substances. Two new cardenolides were structurally elucidated: strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-alpha-L-cymarosido-be ta-D-glucoside and strophanthidin-3-O-beta-D-digitoxosido-beta-D-digoxoside-bet a-D-diginosido-beta-D-glucoside.