Although the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders can be approached from numerous theoretical perspectives, the concentration of research has been on the efficacy of behaviour therapy. Behaviour therapy procedures are briefly described and evaluated, including systematic desensitisation, flooding, modelling, reinforcement and cognitive procedures. We also review research findings on pharmacotherapy, focusing on benzodiazepine and antidepressant usage. Finally, several conclusions are drawn concerning the scientific and clinical status of these treatment approaches for childhood anxiety disorders.