Survival of 117 operable male patients who had refused treatment was compared to that of 267 male patients who had undergone radical therapy. It was shown that treatment did not influence five-year survival of patients with T cancer. The same tendency was observed for T4 tumors. Radical treatment was associated with a significantly longer survival in T2-3 cancer patients. In the T1-2 tumor group, mean survival following diagnosis was affected by patient age whereas the relationship was far less apparent in cases of T3-4 cancer.