Background: Head lice infestation is a very common problem in children and causes a high level of anxiety among parents and childcare workers.
Objective: In this article we attempt to clarify issues of diagnosis and treatment of head lice and offer recommendations for dealing with head lice.
Discussion: Head lice are a nuisance, but they do not transmit infectious diseases. Control includes detection with wet comb technique. Treatment is usually with a topical pediculicide, but regular mechanical removal with conditioner and a comb is an alternative. Treatment failure can be the result of inadequate application of the treating product, pediculicide resistance, or failure to re-treat at 7-10 days. Reinfestation (and therefore apparent treatment failure) is common.