Technological development, implementation of new techniques and scientific knowledge into clinical practice, has a strong impact on development of surgical and anesthesiological professions. However, it creates new and unknown ethical issues within surgeons-anesthesiologist and their patient's relationship. Development of physiological-individualized anesthesia techniques focused on patient's outcome unquestionably is related to more general organizational ethical issues. Presented article analyzes factors influencing unavoidable, concomitant development of surgical and anesthesiological professions. It also addresses several ethical issues within the context of society development. There is a body of evidence ascribing identities of profession and different attitudes as well as interpretations of inter specialty relations. There is a need for constant discussion between the specialty representatives groups elaborating professional recommendations for further co-operation accepted by both sides.