Xanthogranulomatous cystitis (XC) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. Herein we report a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with frequent, postmicturition pain and lower abdominal discomfort. Cystoscopy revealed a mass at the dome of the bladder near the left wall. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a mass with a central cavity. The patient underwent partial cystectomy because the presence of bladder neoplasm could not be ruled out. She had has no recurrence of XC 29 months after the operation. The present case of XC is the 20th to be reported in the world.