Field-induced formation of nanometer-sized water bridges

Phys Rev Lett. 2003 Aug 1;91(5):056101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.056101. Epub 2003 Jul 30.

Abstract

A method to form and manipulate the properties of nanometer-size liquid bridges by an external electric field is discussed. The properties of bridges are shown to be the result of an interplay among the field-induced polarization of the water layer adsorbed on the surface, the surface energy, and the water condensation from the humid air. For a given tip-sample separation, a simple model predicts the existence of a threshold voltage V(th) to form the bridge in full agreement with experiments.