Nanotechnology is a new comprehensive system, which prepares substances or/material at molecular or nuclear level in nanometer scale, and nano materials can be explored to apply on broad aspects of industrial engineering sciences. This paper reviews the following contents: developing molecular engineering, biological molecular robot and nanometer information processing system, the application of nanobiomaterials in the field of tissue engineering, constructing drug carriers with nanobiomaterials, developing nanotechnology relating to diagnosis and monitoring. Developmental trend of nanotechnology in biomedical science is discussed prospectively.