Background: In the current model for the development of gastric cancer, regions of multifocal atrophic gastritis give rise to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and finally, adenocarcinoma.
Aim: To study the frequency and characteristics of TP53 gene mutations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the stomach.
Material and methods: DNA sequencing of the TP53 gene was performed in 46 patients with gastric carcinoma. Normal mucosa, intestinal metaplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma tissues were obtained by scraping 6-micron histological sections from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue.
Results: DNA sequencing of exons 5-9 of the TP53 gene demonstrated a mutation in 31% of patients. These findings were seen both in tumoral tissue (13 cases) and in intestinal metaplasia (2 cases). Most mutations were found in exons 5 and 8, and the majority of them were transitions (10 out of 19 mutations).
Discussion: Patients with gastric cancer showed a frequency of TP53 mutations similar to that previously communicated in populations with low gastric cancer risk. Moreover, there was a predominance of transitions, genetic alterations that are identified with carcinogenesis associated with N-nitrosamine compounds. Finally, mutations of TP53 gene were detected in areas of intestinal metaplasia.