The antioxidant system

Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2B):1411-5.

Abstract

The glutathione (GSH) antioxidant system is the principal protective mechanism of the cell and is a crucial factor in the development of the immune response by the immune cells. Experimental data demonstrate that a cysteine-rich whey protein concentrate represents an effective cysteine delivery system for GSH replenishment during the immune response. Animal experiments showed that the concentrates of whey protein also exhibit anticancer activity. They do this via the GSH pathway, the induction of p53 protein in transformed cells and inhibition of neoangiogenesis.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacokinetics
  • Acetylcysteine / therapeutic use
  • Adjuvants, Immunologic / therapeutic use
  • Amino Acids / analysis
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antioxidants / metabolism*
  • Cysteine / administration & dosage
  • Cysteine / pharmacokinetics
  • Cysteine / therapeutic use
  • Dietary Proteins / analysis
  • Dietary Proteins / therapeutic use
  • Glutathione / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred A
  • Milk Proteins / chemistry
  • Milk Proteins / therapeutic use
  • Models, Biological
  • Neoplasms / diet therapy
  • Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Neoplasms, Experimental / diet therapy
  • Neoplasms, Experimental / drug therapy
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Prodrugs / pharmacokinetics
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Whey Proteins

Substances

  • Adjuvants, Immunologic
  • Amino Acids
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Dietary Proteins
  • Milk Proteins
  • Prodrugs
  • Whey Proteins
  • Glutathione
  • Cysteine
  • Acetylcysteine