Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) and triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).
Methods: One hundred and thirty joints of 85 patients undergoing intra-articular injections were randomly treated with either TH or TA depending on the availability of the drug. The efficacy of both treatments was evaluated prospectively in a blinded fashion. A good response was defined as a decrease in the articular score of > or =60% from baseline. Clinical, laboratory and immunological variables were noted in order to examine possible factors, other than treatment, predictive of the result.
Results: Seventy injections were performed using TH and 60 with TA. The two groups were comparable for clinical, immunological and laboratory characteristics. The rate of response was significantly higher with TH than with TA: 81.4% vs 53.3% (P = 0.001) at 6 months, 67.1 vs 43.3% (P = 0.006) at 12 months, and 60 vs 33.3% (P = 0.002) at 24 months.
Conclusion: At comparable doses TH appeared to be much more effective than TA for intra-articular use, in both short- and long-term follow-up. This result was not affected by disease duration or degree of local and systemic inflammation.