The role of 3-dimethylaminopropylamine and amidoamine in contact allergy to cocamidopropylbetaine

Contact Dermatitis. 2003 Apr;48(4):194-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00078.x.

Abstract

Since it has been found that all subjects with contact allergy to cocamidopropylbetaine (CAPB) have positive reactions to 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA), and reports have appeared in literature of the sensitizing action of amidoamine in products containing CAPB, we aimed to verify the possibility that pure amidoamine may have a sensitizing role in subjects with positive reactions to CAPB. To this end, in 10 patients with contact allergy to a commercial CAPB, we tested DMAPA 1% aq. and a pure amidoamine in concentrations ranging from 0.5% aq. to 0.1% aq. The study showed that all patients with positive reactions to DMAPA reacted to amidoamine at 0.5% and 0.25% aq., while 4 of the 10 also had positive reactions to amidoamine at 0.1% aq. We consider that simultaneous allergic reaction to DMAPA and amidoamine represents cross-reactivity and hypothesize that DMAPA is in fact the true sensitizing substance, while amidoamine, which may in any case release DMAPA in vivo as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, may favour the transepidermal penetration of the sensitizing agent. In addition, we advise that testing of CAPB be suspended, because, as suggested by chemico-structural analyses and demonstrated in vivo, when thoroughly purified, it no longer has a sensitizing action.

MeSH terms

  • Allergens / adverse effects*
  • Allergens / chemistry
  • Amines / adverse effects*
  • Amines / chemistry
  • Betaine / adverse effects*
  • Betaine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Betaine / chemistry
  • Cosmetics / adverse effects*
  • Cosmetics / chemistry
  • Cross Reactions
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / etiology*
  • Diamines / adverse effects*
  • Diamines / chemistry
  • Humans
  • Patch Tests
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Amines
  • Cosmetics
  • Diamines
  • Betaine
  • cocamidopropyl betaine
  • 3-dimethylaminopropylamine