Diastolic dysfunction is now recognized as an important mechanism of heart failure, but treatment for diastolic failure has not yet been established. Many of causes for diastolic dysfunction have been related to myocardial hypertrophy or fibrosis. Until recently, angiotensin II has been proposed as one of important growth factors that lead into hypertrophy and fibrosis. Angiotensin II blockade, therefore, is a promising candidate for the treatment of diastolic failure. Two randomized studies with angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker are under way. This review will describe the pathophysiologic basis for diastolic dysfunction, and discuss the possible treatments for diastolic failure referring to the recently-proposed two guidelines.