The aim of the present study was to assess the role of virtual cystoscopy in the identification of bladder tumors. Fifteen patients (11 men and 4 women, median age: 61 years, range: 46-74 years) with a positive finding of bladder tumor at fiber-optic cystoscopy were studied by multislice-CT. Scans were downloaded to a workstation with the aid of a software for the processing of 3-D reconstructions, with a volume-rendering technique which allowed the "navigation" within the bladder in search of wall lesions. In this group of 15 patients, cystoscopy was able to detect 19 neoplastic lesions, 13 with a diameter >10 mm and 6 with a diameter <10 mm. Virtual cystoscopy, instead, identified 17 lesions (89%) only. In particular, all those lesions with a diameter >1 cm (13/13=100%) were correctly identified, whereas only 4 of the 6 lesions with a diameter <1 cm were depicted. The 2 false negative cases were 2 lesions with a flat morphology, measuring 5 and 6 mm. Most recent technological advances allowed the employement of virtual endoscopies, characterized by the absence of invasivity as compared with fiber-optic studies and based on data obtained by spiral- and multislice-CTs. According to our experience, virtual CT-cystoscopy revealed to be a complementary tool in the evaluation of cross-sectional images and proved to be an easy procedure without complications, well-accepted by the patients, and with a reliable detection of those bladder lesions measuring more than 5 mm in case of polypoid formations and at least 10 mm in case of flat lesions. This technique, however, does not allow the collection of a bioptic sample and--with the present resolution power of available equipments--it could be unable to correctly detect small-sized flat lesions. We, nonetheless, believe that this procedure, in the future, thanks to rapid technological improvements in virtual imaging techniques, could become a useful diagnostic tool in the management of those patients with bladder tumors. Further studies on larger study groups are therefore desirable for a more reliable validation of the technique.