Measles incidence in Bolivia declined after the introduction of campaign strategies in the 1980s. From 1990 to 1993, the peak incidence of measles (59 cases/100,000 population) was in 1992. In 1994, after the goal of interruption of measles transmission was adopted, a national vaccination campaign targeting children <15 years old was conducted and achieved 96% coverage. During 1995-1997, cases declined, although routine coverage was <90% in most years. During 1998-2000, a nationwide epidemic occurred among 2567 case-patients, most of whom were unvaccinated. A national vaccination campaign, with strong supervision, was conducted during November and December 1999 and targeted areas with low coverage. Only 122 cases were confirmed in 2000, with the last confirmed case occurring in October. Crucial to the control of the outbreak were sufficient resources and political support, intensive local planning, door-to-door vaccination with strict supervision, and rapid house-to-house coverage monitoring that improved accountability at the local level and timely and thorough outbreak investigations.