The association of particular allelic variants of genes coding proteins, such as transporter associated with processing (TAP) and heat shock protein (HSP), involved in endocellular processing of endogenous antigens, with synovium pathology accompanied with urogenital infection was observed. The particular alleles of TAP1 and TAP2 genes appeared to be the factor of predisposition or resistance for Chlamidia trachomatis but not for Mycoplasma hominis. At the same time, the relative risk for C. trachomatis and M. hominis infection development was increased among persons with HSP70-2*A/B phenotype. Some TAP2 gene allelic variants were determined as the factor of an increased relative risk to develop synovium pathology, especially accompanied with urogenital infection. The preliminary data concerning gene polymorphism of some proinflammatory cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are presented. We observed an increased frequency of C/T allele of IL-4 gene among HIV patients. None of patients showed A/A homozygous variant of IL-10 and TNF-alpha genes. Our obtained results may be used as informative criteria for prognosis of resistance or predisposition to different diseases.