Purpose: To improve the viability of the 2/4/A1 cell culture model and to investigate different routes of drug transport in this cell line.
Methods: Two approaches were taken to decrease apoptosis. First, rat intestinal 2/4/A1 cells were transfected to overexpress the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Second. normal 2/4/A1 cells were cultivated under conditions that stimulate differentiation and limit apoptosis. The monolayer integrity was investigated by transepithelial electrical resistance, permeability, and microscopy. The expression of drug transporters was investigated by RT-PCR, and transport function was assessed using specific markers.
Results: Normal 2/4/A1 cells died by apoptosis at 39 degrees C. Bcl-2-expressing 2/4/A1 cells were viable but adopted a morphology of less-differentiated epithelial cells. Optimization of the culture conditions for 2/4/A1 cells inhibited cell death. The integrity was comparable to that of the human jejunum (50 omega x cm2), making this approach preferable to Bcl-2 overexpression. Transcriptional analysis showed that some (e.g., MDRI). but not all (e.g., PepT1), transporters were found in 2/4/A1 cells. Studies using substrates for PepT1, P-gp. MRP2, and BCRP showed that none of the transporters were functional in 2/4/A1.
Conclusions: The improved culture procedure will facilitate the use of 2/4/A1 cells. 2/4/A1 lack several transporters, which makes them a promising alternative to Caco-2 cells and artificial membranes in studies of passive drug transport.