Singlet molecular oxygen generation and quenching by the antiglaucoma ophthalmic drugs, Timolol and Pindolol

Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2002 Oct;1(10):788-92. doi: 10.1039/b203359c.

Abstract

The dye sensitized photooxidation in water (pH 6), of the pharmaceutical topical antiglaucoma drugs, Timolol and Pindolol, which act as beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, were studied by means of static and time-resolved spectroscopic methods and polarographic determinations. O2(1delta(g))-mediated photooxidation of Timolol and Pindolol takes place with quantum efficiencies of 0.035 and 0.16, respectively, which raises concern about the possible daylight-mediated photodamaging of the drugs, in the presence of sensitizing agents. Pindolol behaves kinetically as a typical indole derivative, for which the intermediacy of a polar complex is proposed. Solvent effects on the kinetics of photooxidation suggests that the same mechanism could operate for the case of Timolol. Upon direct ultraviolet-light irradiation Timolol and Pindolol generate O2(1delta(g)), with quantum yields of 0.027 and 0.11 respectively. The former comprises three desirable properties for an external-use ocular drug: a reduced efficiency of O2(1delta(g)) photooxidation, a relatively high power as O2(1delta(g)) physical deactivator and a relatively low propensity to O2(1delta(g)) generation upon direct light irradiation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / chemistry
  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / radiation effects*
  • Animals
  • Glaucoma / drug therapy
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Light
  • Photolysis
  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • Pindolol / chemistry*
  • Pindolol / radiation effects
  • Singlet Oxygen / chemistry*
  • Timolol / chemistry
  • Timolol / radiation effects*

Substances

  • Adrenergic beta-Antagonists
  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • Singlet Oxygen
  • Timolol
  • Pindolol