Fluorosis has become pandemic and it has assumed global status in the public health point of view. The paper deals with the health issues pertaining to fluorosis with special emphasis in the Indian context. It explains the equivocal evidences of fluoride-related problems and discusses the control measures of fluorosis. In general, it reveals how fluoride is useful at very low concentrations and at the same time brings forth manifestation of clinical abnormalities at higher concentrations that are the basis of the principles of toxicology.