Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and midterm results after endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Materials and methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were 53-82 years old (mean age, 71.6 years) were treated with a commercially available endoprosthesis. Subclavian transposition or bypass surgery was performed before the procedure in eight patients. Size dynamics of the aneurysms were analyzed on the basis of diameter and thrombus volume measurements obtained on three-dimensional CT reconstructions before hospital discharge (n = 22) and at the 1-year (n = 22), 2-year (n = 12), and 3-year (n = 5) follow-ups.
Results: The technical success rate was 100%. There was no 30-day mortality. None of the patients had symptoms due to spinal cord ischemia. The survival rate at 1, 2, and 3 years was 96.1%, 90.9%, and 80.2%, respectively. During the perioperative period, patients presented with leukocytosis (37%), fever (36%), elevated C-reactive protein value (92%), pleural effusion (50%), and periaortic atelectasis (41%). Three early type I endoleaks sealed spontaneously. Three early type II endoleaks persisted over time, and one late type II endoleak was detected. In patients with type II endoleaks, thrombus volume of the aneurysms was constant (n = 2) or increased (n = 2). In patients without endoleaks, mean thrombus volume decreased (-53.2 +/- 56.8 mL, -40%) significantly (p = 0.001) during the first year. There was no significant interval decrease between the 1- and 2-year follow-ups (mean, -2.4 mL, p = 0.92) and between the 2- and 3-year follow-ups (mean, -0.4 mL, p = 0.68).
Conclusion: Endovascular treatment of atherosclerotic thoracic aortic aneurysms may result in a substantial reduction of the aneurysm sac in patients without endoleaks.