The study of the familial psychopathology in relatives of restrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) probands whose diagnosis was verified during a long-term follow-up was aimed at determining behavioural phenotypes with which AN could share the genetic liability. A total of 185 first degree relatives of 68 restrictive AN patients with adolescent onset followed up for 5 to 18 years and 198 first degree relatives of 68 normal women were investigated. DSM-III-R criteria were used. The lifetime rate of clinical AN was 1% and the rate of any eating disorders was 2% in female proband relatives versus 0 in control relatives. No case of bulimia nervosa (BN) was found in proband relatives. The heritability of AN was low (0.18) when only the full-blown AN was considered in relatives and modest (0.36) when also a case of subthreshold AN was added. There were significantly higher rates of anxiety disorders (14.6%) and unipolar major depression (8.3%) in female proband relatives and "schizo"-spectrum disorders (8.3%) and alcoholism (13.1%) in male proband relatives compared to relatives of controls. Restrictive AN might share partial liability with phenotypes expressing emotional restraint and anxiety. A sex effect of the heterotypically affected relative on the vulnerability for AN was suggested.