The effects of carbon source, Na-glutamate, salinity, and incubation temperature on the growth of Thraustochytrium aureum H0 and the production of docosahexaenoic acid were studies. The time course of the cell growth of Thraustochytrium aureum H0 was determined. The results show that glucose is the optimum carbon source and the optimum concentrations of glucose and Na-glutamate are 30 g/L and 5 g/L, respectively. The suitable salinity is half of salinity of sea water. Under the optimum culture conditions, 6.2 g/L of the dry cell weight and 0.51 g/L of the docosahexaenoic acid were obtained.