Radiographic procedures using contrast media are widely performed throughout the world. This necessitates physicians' awareness of radiocontrast nephropathy-the disorder that develops as a result of exposure to contrast agents. Although in the general population the risk of radiocontrast nephropathy is rather low, it may be very high in selected subsets of patients. This article focuses on the incidence, pathogenesis, risk factors, and prognosis of radiocontrast nephropathy and provides important insights on its prevention.