The release of Streptomyces albus propagules from contaminated agar and ceiling tile surfaces was studied under controlled environmental conditions in a newly developed aerosolization chamber. The experiments revealed that both spores and cell fragments can be simultaneously released from the colonized surface by relatively gentle air currents of 0.3 ms(-1). A 100 x increase of the air velocity can result in a 50-fold increase in the number of released propagules. The aerosolization rate depends strongly on the type and roughness of the contaminated surface. Up to 90% of available actinomycete propagules can become airborne during the first 10 min of the release process. Application of vibration to the surface did not reveal any influence on the aerosolization process of S. albus propagules under the tested conditions. This study has shown that propagules in the fine particle size range can be released in large amounts from contaminated surfaces. Measurement of the number of S. albus fragments in the vicinity of a contaminated area, as an alternative to conventional air or surface sampling, appears to be a promising approach for quantitative exposure assessment.