It is very important to increase the energy of high-nitrogen-content single-base propellant by absorbing nitroglycerin in the case of keeping the advantage of the original propellant. In this paper, the distribution laws and migration laws in the aging of nitroglycerin have been studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) after high-nitrogen-content single-base propellant absorbing nitroglycerin. The results show that the distribution of nitroglycerin in high-nitrogen-content sigle-base propellant follows the Gauss distribution. In aging, this distribution changes towards the big variance Gauss distribution. The relationship between migration mass and aging time is y = k1e-k2/t, for external layer k1 = 0.1208 and k2 = 17.229, for inner hole k1 = 0.0348 and k2 = 10.97. The migration velocity constant, K = A0e-E/RT, of nitroglycerin is also given in this article, where A0 = 0.4086 and E0 = 1.6702 kJ/mol for inner hole, A0 = 31.2775 and E0 = 3.5428 kJ/mol for external layer.