The association of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders is well known after cytotoxic drug or radiation exposure, while it is remarkably rare prior to therapy. We report on a patient simultaneously diagnosed as having polycythemia vera and II3A follicle center cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (grade 1). At this timepoint, he is on 12-year follow-up, characterized by post-polycythemia myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis and persistent complete remission of lymphoma. The conventional marrow cytogenetic analysis performed during the course of the disease demonstrated an abnormal karyotype with deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 and trisomy 8, while molecular analysis failed to detect BCR-ABL rearrangement in peripheral blood cells. To the best of our knowledge based on a computer-aided review of the literature (MED-LINE 1966-2002), this is the sixth case of concomitant primary polycythemia vera and lymphoma of non-Hodgkin type. Besides, there is a single literature report on polycythemia vera coexisting with the Hodgkin's lymphoma. In our case as well as in the recorded ones, two independent malignant clones of myeloid and lymphoid origin, respectively, seem to have arisen. Further reports, supported by chromosomal and molecular studies, could improve our knowledge on this extremely infrequent disease association.