Phytoremediation of selenium by two helophyte species in subsurface flow constructed wetland

Abstract

The phytoremediation of selenium by two different wetland species was investigated. Selenium (20.4 microg/l) was supplied continuously to subsurface flow constructed wetlands, one vegetated with Typha latifolia L. and the other with Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. The beds of both species had same hydraulic loading rate (0.079 m(3)/m(2)/d) and water retention time (24 h). However, the mass loading rate was 1.27 mg Se/m(2)/d for Phragmites and 1.35 mg Se/m(2)/d for Typha. In the Typha bed Se migrated faster than in the Phragmites bed. After 25 d of Se supplementation in the Typha bed about 54% of the Se inlet concentration remained in the outlet water. In the Phragmites bed Se was removed completely from the water after passing through 3/4 of the bed length. After 65 d of Se supplementation the highest amount of Se (2.8 microg/g dry matter) was determined in the organic material of the Typha bed. Roots and rhizomes accumulated 2.2 and 1.8 microg/g dry matter respectively. Phragmites accumulated Se in the leaves and stems, but not in the rhizomes. The accumulation in the leaves (1.8 microg Se/g dry matter) was three times higher than in the stems (0.6 microg Se/g dry matter).