The development of ultrathin-layer silica gel plates with a monolithic structure opens up a new dimension in thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The very small layer thickness of approximately 10 microm and the absence of any kind of binder in combination with the framework of this stationary phase lead to new and improved properties of these ultrathin-layer chromatographic (UTLC) silica-gel plates compared with conventional TLC and high-performance TLC (HPTLC) precoated layers. First of all, the advantages of the UTLC plates are the very short migration distances and, in combination with this, the short development times as well as the very low consumption of solvents as the mobile phase in connection with high sensitivity. The separations of amino acids, pesticides, pharmaceutically active ingredients, phenols, and plasticizers effectively demonstrate the possibilities of the new ultrathin-layer silica-gel plates. Furthermore, a comparison of UTLC, HPTLC, and TLC concerning retention behavior, efficiency, detection limits, migration times, and solvent consumption is performed effectively by the separation of caffeine and paracetamol.