Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a hallmark feature of chronic renal injury. Specific therapies to control the progression of renal fibrosis towards end-stage renal failure are still limited. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) has been identified as a major mediator of renal fibrosis. Recent reports have suggested that Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 (BMP-7), another member of the TGF-beta superfamily, accelerates repair of acute renal injury and ameliorates progression of chronic renal fibrosis in a variety of animal models. Interestingly, BMP-7, an endogenous molecule which is present in the normal kidney, vastly decreases its expression during renal injury. Although, the mechanism of BMP-7 action in the kidney is not yet fully understood, the idea of an endogenous molecule with reno-protective function is intriguing.