The clinical course of cervical carcinoma is widely determined by locoregional recurrence. There is increasing data, however, that haematogenic micrometastases occur early during the disease and might result in distant recurrence during follow-up. These occult disseminated tumor cells in blood, lymph nodes and bone marrow escape conventional tumor staging. Therefore, molecular and immunoytochemical techniques based on markers against human papilloma virus or cytokeratins (CK) have been applied. At present, there is only one study available on the prognostic relevance of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow. No correlation between the bone marrow status and overall survival was observed. Still, there was a strong trend towards shorter distant disease free survival in patients with a positive bone marrow status. In view of the data on disseminated tumor cells in other tumor entities, these early results might offer new options for refined tumor staging and improved treatment options.