Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is a transmembrane glycoprotein predominantly expressed in prostate cancer, is an attractive target for tumor-specific immunotherapy. To identify human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24-restricted epitope peptides from PSMA for further application of the dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy targeting prostate cancer, we have screened several PSMA-encoded HLA-A24-binding peptides for their capabilities to elicit specific antitumor CTL response in vitro.
Experimental design: The amino acid sequence of PSMA was screened for peptides consisting of 9 or 10 amino acids, which possess the known HLA-A24-binding motif. Nine candidate peptides were screened for binding to HLA-A24 molecules. Then, each of these nine peptides was studied to determine whether CTL responses could be induced by primary in vitro immunization of CD8(+) T cells using peptide-pulsed autologous DCs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HLA-A24(+) healthy donor as antigen-presenting cells. The antigen specificity of the CTL lines was confirmed using several tumor cell lines as target cells, which were genetically modified to express both HLA-A24 and PSMA.
Results: Two peptides, LYSDPADYF and NYARTEDFF, were demonstrated to elicit CTL lines that lyse peptide-pulsed, HLA-A24(+) B-lymphoblastoid cells. Each of the CTL lines recognized their specific PSMA-expressing target cells in a HLA-A24-restricted manner. The capability to release IFN-gamma by the CTL lines was specifically inhibited by anti-MHC class I and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibodies but not by anti-MHC class II and anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies.
Conclusion: Two novel HLA-A24-restricted PSMA-derived epitopes were identified in this study. These epitopes can be used to further evaluate the clinical utility of DC-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancers.