Bilateral cochlear implantation provides an interesting model for in vivo study of the effect of long-term profound deafness on neural transmission. We present electrophysiological observations on 2 patients implanted with the MXM Binaural Digisonic Convex system. This uncommon design consists of 2 electrode arrays placed bilaterally into the scala tympani and controlled by a single speech processor. In both patients, the duration of deafness before cochlear implantation clearly differed from one ear to the other. Electrically evoked auditory brain stem responses (EABRs) were measured and the EABRs from the ear with the longer deafness duration showed a lengthening of wave V latency. In I patient, recordings from this ear also showed a lack of reproducibility of wave III. The data suggest that neural responsiveness in the peripheral and intermediate auditory pathways is adversely affected by deafness duration. Poor EABRs on one ear possibly result from the total duration of deafness in this ear and/or compensation by the other ear.