Dependence of spontaneous frequency of chromosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of peripheral human blood on biological age are presented. Obtained results allow one to consider the cytogenetic effects in inter-relation with biological age as indexes of adaptational possibilities of the organism. There are four periods of genotypic cell adaptation from newborn up to 100 years old distinguishing in the average frequency of chromosome aberrations and the number of aberrant cells, their distribution and spectrum as well.