Successful treatment of extracranially metastasized pineal gland germinoma with high-dose methotrexate

Ann Oncol. 2002 Oct;13(10):1681-5. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdf276.

Abstract

Germinoma of the pineal gland is a rare disease usually confined to the brain which responds well to radiotherapy. Spinal seeding occurs in approximately 4% of cases and distant metastases are extremely rare. We report on a 27-year-old female with an intracranially metastasized pineal gland germinoma, meningeal carcinomatosis and distant bone metastases. Treatment was initiated with intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) and continued with high-dose intravenous MTX. The therapy was very well tolerated apart from reversible hepatic toxicity requiring a dose reduction. The patient was in complete remission after three courses followed by two consolidation cycles; the patient has now been in continuous complete remission for more than 22 months. This is the first report to show that MTX is a potent drug in treating pineal gland germinoma. Long-term side effects of radiotherapy such as reduced mental function or hypopituitarism can probably be avoided. Single-agent high-dose MTX may provide high efficacy with limited adverse effects, especially at a more advanced tumor stage with spinal seeding and extracranial disease.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / administration & dosage
  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / pharmacology*
  • Bone Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Bone Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Germinoma / drug therapy*
  • Germinoma / radiotherapy
  • Germinoma / secondary*
  • Humans
  • Infusions, Intravenous
  • Meningeal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Meningeal Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Methotrexate / administration & dosage
  • Methotrexate / pharmacology*
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Pinealoma / drug therapy*
  • Pinealoma / pathology*
  • Pinealoma / radiotherapy
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
  • Methotrexate